---
title: Dana says, “The columns of illuminated steam rose with fearful speed… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Dana says, “The columns of illuminated steam rose with fearful speed to a height of 14,000 to 17,000 feet and then spread out into a vast fiery cloud looking at night as if the heavens were on fire.” Who acts: Dana, vast fiery cloud, heavens. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)»
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 72

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Dana says, “The columns of illuminated steam rose with fearful speed to a height of 14,000 to 17,000 feet and then spread out into a vast fiery cloud looking at night as if the heavens were on fire.”

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**Who acts:** Dana, vast fiery cloud, heavens · **What happens:** say, illuminate, spread out, look, be · **To what, where:** columns, height, vast fiery cloud, fire · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dana, vast fiery cloud, heavens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:27:72
# text = Dana says, “The columns of illuminated steam rose with fearful speed to a height of 14,000 to 17,000 feet and then spread out into a vast fiery cloud looking at night as if the heavens were on fire.”
1	Dana	Dana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	illuminated	illuminate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
9	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	rose	rose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	fearful	fearful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	14,000	14000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	17,000	17,000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nmod	_	_
21	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
24	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
25	out	out	ADP	RP	_	24	compound:prt	_	_
26	into	into	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
28	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
29	fiery	fiery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
31	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	30	acl	_	_
32	at	at	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
34	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
35	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nsubj	_	_
38	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
39	on	on	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Dana | the columns of illuminated steam rose with fearful speed | a height of 14,000 feet |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent column=Topic to height=Recipient |
| 2 | **illuminate** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **spread out** *in a quote* | infinitive | Dana *not said here* |  |  | a vast fiery cloud | then |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into cloud=Destination |
| 4 | **look** *in a quote* | gerund | a vast fiery cloud *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | past | the heavens |  |  | fire |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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