---
title: After this, there was an underground eruption to the sea marked by a… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: After this, there was an underground eruption to the sea marked by a fissure down the mountain side through which clouds of steam and smoke were forced. Who acts: underground eruption. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity, with its dependen
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 73

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After this, there was an underground eruption to the sea marked by a fissure down the mountain side through which clouds of steam and smoke were forced.

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**Who acts:** underground eruption · **What happens:** be, mark, force, cloud · **To what, where:** sea, clouds, mountain side, steam

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (underground eruption), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:27:73
# text = After this, there was an underground eruption to the sea marked by a fissure down the mountain side through which clouds of steam and smoke were forced.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	5	expl	_	_
5	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	underground	underground	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	eruption	eruption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	marked	mark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	fissure	fissure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	down	down	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
20	through	through	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	obl	_	_
22	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
27	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a underground eruption to the sea |  |  | there | after this |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mark** | participle |  | the sea *not said here* |  |  |  | by a fissure down the mountain side | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent by fissure=Destination |
| 3 | **force** | past · passive |  | clouds of steam and smoke |  | the mountain side |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient |
| 4 | **cloud** |  |  | steam and smoke |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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