---
title: Several were taken into the boats, perfectly incandescent and so mol… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Several were taken into the boats, perfectly incandescent and so molten in the interior that the lava could be stirred with a stick, the water having penetrated only about an inch. Who acts: interior, water. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Acti
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 87

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Several were taken into the boats, perfectly incandescent and so molten in the interior that the lava could be stirred with a stick, the water having penetrated only about an inch.

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**Who acts:** interior, water · **What happens:** take, stir, have, penetrate · **To what, where:** Several, boats, lava, inch

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (interior, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:27:87
# text = Several were taken into the boats, perfectly incandescent and so molten in the interior that the lava could be stirred with a stick, the water having penetrated only about an inch.
1	Several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	perfectly	perfectly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	incandescent	incandescent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	molten	molten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	interior	interior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	stirred	stir	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
28	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	_
29	penetrated	penetrate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	xcomp	_	_
30	only	only	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
31	about	about	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
32	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	inch	inch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past · passive |  | Several |  | the boats and incandescent |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme into boat=Destination |
| 2 | **stir** | could · passive | the interior *not said here* | the lava |  |  |  | with a stick and the water | vn shake-22.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with stick=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **have** | gerund | the water *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **penetrate** | participle | the water *not said here* | a inch |  |  |  |  | vn poke-19 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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