---
title: There have been two entirely distinct modifications in Kilauea. — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: There have been two entirely distinct modifications in Kilauea. Who acts: two distinct modifications. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 1

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There have been two entirely distinct modifications in Kilauea.

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**Who acts:** two distinct modifications · **What happens:** be

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two distinct modifications), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:28:1
# text = There have been two entirely distinct modifications in Kilauea.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	been	be	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
5	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	distinct	distinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	modifications	modification	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Kilauea	Kilauea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present · perfect | two distinct modifications in Kilauea |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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