---
title: There are several terraces showing how the precipices, cracks, and p… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: There are several terraces showing how the precipices, cracks, and plateaus followed each other step by step down to the bed of Kilauea itself. Who acts: several terraces, plateaus, step. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater, with i
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 10

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There are several terraces showing how the precipices, cracks, and plateaus followed each other step by step down to the bed of Kilauea itself.

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**Who acts:** several terraces, plateaus, step · **What happens:** be, show, follow, step · **To what, where:** precipices, other step

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (several terraces, plateaus, step), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:28:10
# text = There are several terraces showing how the precipices, cracks, and plateaus followed each other step by step down to the bed of Kilauea itself.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	terraces	terrace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	precipices	precipice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	cracks	crack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	plateaus	plateau	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
15	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	down	down	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Kilauea	Kilauea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	25	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | several terraces |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **show** | gerund | several terraces *not said here* | the precipices and cracks |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent precipice=Recipient |
| 3 | **follow** | past | plateaus | each other step |  |  |  | by step to the bed of Kilauea  step | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent step=Theme by step=Trajectory |
| 4 | **step** |  | step to the bed of Kilauea  step |  |  |  |  |  | nom step «act transitive»: by=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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