---
title: As it went westward, the character of its overflow changed, becoming… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: As it went westward, the character of its overflow changed, becoming explosive, hurling out cinders and ashes instead of boiling lava, so that all the land, especially toward the south and west, is covered with volcanic ash. Who acts: crater, character. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 22

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As it went westward, the character of its overflow changed, becoming explosive, hurling out cinders and ashes instead of boiling lava, so that all the land, especially toward the south and west, is covered with volcanic ash.

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**Who acts:** crater, character · **What happens:** go, change, become, hurl out, boil, cover · **To what, where:** cinders, lava, land

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crater, character), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:28:22
# text = As it went westward, the character of its overflow changed, becoming explosive, hurling out cinders and ashes instead of boiling lava, so that all the land, especially toward the south and west, is covered with volcanic ash.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
4	westward	westward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	overflow	overflow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
14	explosive	explosive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	hurling	hurl	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	cinders	cinder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
21	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	23	mark	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	fixed	_	_
23	boiling	boil	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
24	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
26	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
27	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
28	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	30	det:predet	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
32	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
33	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	parataxis	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
39	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux:pass	_	_
40	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
41	with	with	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	ash	ash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | crater |  |  |  |  | westward *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **change** | past | the character of crater's overflow |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **become** | gerund | the character of crater's overflow *not said here* |  |  |  |  | explosive *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **hurl out** | gerund | the character of crater's overflow *not said here* | cinders and ashes |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cinder=Theme |
| 5 | **boil** | gerund | the character of crater's overflow *not said here* | lava |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent lava=Patient |
| 6 | **cover** | present · passive |  | all land toward the south and west |  |  |  | with volcanic ash | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with ash=Theme |
| 7 | **overflow** |  | crater |  |  |  |  |  | nom overflow «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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