---
title: For more than a hundred years there has been no uplift of lava or as… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: For more than a hundred years there has been no uplift of lava or ashes over the outside crater rim. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 23

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For more than a hundred years there has been no uplift of lava or ashes over the outside crater rim.

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**What happens:** be · **To what, where:** uplift

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:28:23
# text = For more than a hundred years there has been no uplift of lava or ashes over the outside crater rim.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	5	advmod	_	_
3	than	than	ADP	IN	_	2	fixed	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
7	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
10	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	11	det	_	_
11	uplift	uplift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	over	over	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	outside	outside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	rim	rim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | participle |  | no uplift |  |  | year | of lava over the outside crater rim or ashes | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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