---
title: During this century there has been no marked change in the great edg… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: During this century there has been no marked change in the great edge of the bowl, but the interior has been kaleidoscopic. Who acts: century, interior. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 24

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During this century there has been no marked change in the great edge of the bowl, but the interior has been kaleidoscopic.

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**Who acts:** century, interior · **What happens:** mark, be · **To what, where:** marked change, great edge

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (century, interior), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:28:24
# text = During this century there has been no marked change in the great edge of the bowl, but the interior has been kaleidoscopic.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	cop	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
8	marked	mark	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	interior	interior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
21	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	cop	_	_
23	kaleidoscopic	kaleidoscopic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present · perfect | this century | no marked change |  | the great edge of the bowl |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present · perfect | the interior |  |  |  |  | kaleidoscopic *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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