---
title: The bowl is flat-bottomed with a surface creased and cracked and rou… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The bowl is flat-bottomed with a surface creased and cracked and rough, with twisted piles of dead lava. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 25

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The bowl is flat-bottomed with a surface creased and cracked and rough, with twisted piles of dead lava.

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**What happens:** bottom, crease, crack · **To what, where:** bowl, surface

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:28:25
# text = The bowl is flat-bottomed with a surface creased and cracked and rough, with twisted piles of dead lava.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	bottomed	bottom	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	creased	crease	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	cracked	crack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	twisted	twisted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	piles	pile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bottom** | present · passive |  | the bowl |  |  |  | with a surface; with twisted piles of dead lava | tree rules |
| 2 | **crease** | participle |  | a surface *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **crack** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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