---
title: This outer crater is about three and a half miles across. — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: This outer crater is about three and a half miles across. Who acts: outer crater. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 27

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This outer crater is about three and a half miles across.

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**Who acts:** outer crater · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** three half miles

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (outer crater), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:28:27
# text = This outer crater is about three and a half miles across.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	10	compound	_	_
10	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
11	across	across	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this outer crater | three half miles |  |  |  | across *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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