---
title: When first visited by the missionaries, there were many hilly island… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: When first visited by the missionaries, there were many hilly islands, fountain cones, and hissing blowholes. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 31

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When first visited by the missionaries, there were many hilly islands, fountain cones, and hissing blowholes.

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**What happens:** visit, hiss · **To what, where:** blowholes

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:28:31
# text = When first visited by the missionaries, there were many hilly islands, fountain cones, and hissing blowholes.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	_
3	visited	visit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	missionaries	missionary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	9	expl	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	hilly	hilly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	islands	island	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	fountain	fountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	cones	cone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	hissing	hiss	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
19	blowholes	blowhole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by the missionaries; first *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hiss** | gerund |  | blowholes |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blowhole=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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