---
title: In 1890, when the writer first saw the home of the fire-goddess, the… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1890, when the writer first saw the home of the fire-goddess, there were three lakes through which eruptive gases burst with explosions like the continual rattle of artillery, and there were two great rivers of lava flowing across the wide, black floor of the vast crater. Who acts: writer, three 
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 33

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In 1890, when the writer first saw the home of the fire-goddess, there were three lakes through which eruptive gases burst with explosions like the continual rattle of artillery, and there were two great rivers of lava flowing across the wide, black floor of the vast crater.

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**Who acts:** writer, three lakes, eruptive gases, two great rivers, lava, artillery · **What happens:** see, be, burst, flow, rattle · **To what, where:** home, 1890, three lakes, wide black floor

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (writer, three lakes, eruptive gases, two great rivers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:28:33
# text = In 1890, when the writer first saw the home of the fire-goddess, there were three lakes through which eruptive gases burst with explosions like the continual rattle of artillery, and there were two great rivers of lava flowing across the wide, black floor of the vast crater.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1890	1890	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	advmod	_	_
8	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
13	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	goddess	goddess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	18	expl	_	_
18	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
19	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
21	through	through	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	obl	_	_
23	eruptive	eruptive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	gases	gas	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	burst	burst	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	explosions	explosion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
28	like	like	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	continual	continual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	rattle	rattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	artillery	artillery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	37	expl	_	_
37	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
38	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	40	nummod	_	_
39	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nsubj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	42	acl	_	_
44	across	across	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
46	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
48	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	vast	vast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the writer | the home of the fire goddess |  | 1890 |  | first *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer home=Stimulus |
| 2 | **be** | past | three lakes |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **burst** | present | eruptive gases |  |  | three lakes |  | with explosions like the continual rattle of artillery | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through which=Location |
| 4 | **be** | past | two great rivers of lava |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **flow** | gerund | lava *not said here* |  |  | the wide black floor of the vast crater |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **rattle** |  | artillery |  |  |  |  |  | nom rattle «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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