---
title: It has been stated that there is some connection which affects the a… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: It has been stated that there is some connection which affects the action of two lakes of lava in the two craters. Who acts: connection, two lakes. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 5

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It has been stated that there is some connection which affects the action of two lakes of lava in the two craters.

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**Who acts:** connection, two lakes · **What happens:** state, be, affect, act · **To what, where:** other, action

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (connection, two lakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:28:5
# text = It has been stated that there is some connection which affects the action of two lakes of lava in the two craters.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
7	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	connection	connection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	affects	affect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	craters	crater	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | present · perfect · passive |  | other |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **be** | present | some connection |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **affect** | present | some connection | the action of two lakes of lava in the two craters |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus action=Experiencer |
| 4 | **act** |  | two lakes of lava in the two craters |  |  |  |  |  | nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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