---
title: This elevation shows that at one time the lake of fire had its real… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: This elevation shows that at one time the lake of fire had its real crater rim extending far back of the site of the Volcano Hotel and very much higher than at present, and that great floods of lava were poured out over the surrounding country at a height impossible for the new crater to attain. Who
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 8

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This elevation shows that at one time the lake of fire had its real crater rim extending far back of the site of the Volcano Hotel and very much higher than at present, and that great floods of lava were poured out over the surrounding country at a height impossible for the new crater to attain.

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**Who acts:** elevation, lake, real crater rim, that · **What happens:** show, have, extend, flood, pour out, attain · **To what, where:** real crater rim, great floods, surrounding country · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elevation, lake, real crater rim, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:28:8
# text = This elevation shows that at one time the lake of fire had its real crater rim extending far back of the site of the Volcano Hotel and very much higher than at present, and that great floods of lava were poured out over the surrounding country at a height impossible for the new crater to attain.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	elevation	elevation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
14	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	rim	rim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
17	extending	extend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
18	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
19	back	back	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	site	site	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	Volcano	Volcano	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	Hotel	Hotel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	very	very	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	much	much	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	26	conj	_	_
31	than	than	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	at	at	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
36	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	38	nsubj	_	_
37	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj:pass	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
41	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux:pass	_	_
42	poured	pour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
43	out	out	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
44	over	over	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	surrounding	surrounding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	compound	_	_
47	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
48	at	at	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
51	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	xcomp	_	_
52	for	for	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
54	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	55	amod	_	_
55	crater	crater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
56	to	to	PART	TO	_	57	mark	_	_
57	attain	attain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	42	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | this elevation |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | past | the lake of fire | lake's real crater rim |  |  | time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rim=Patient |
| 3 | **extend** | gerund | lake's real crater rim *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **flood** |  | that |  |  |  |  | of lava | tree rules |
| 5 | **pour out** | past · passive |  | great floods |  | the surrounding country |  | at a height; for the new crater; impossible, out *property* | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Patient for crater=Beneficiary |
| 6 | **attain** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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