---
title: The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, now in operation for five years fr… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, now in operation for five years from July 1, 1912, under the direction of the Department of Geology of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the result and culmination of a succession of investigations, constructions, appointments, and expeditions, mostly un
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Foundation of the Observatory, sentence 2

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The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, now in operation for five years from July 1, 1912, under the direction of the Department of Geology of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the result and culmination of a succession of investigations, constructions, appointments, and expeditions, mostly under that institution, which began in 1898 with the building of a small geodetic observatory in Boston.

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**Who acts:** Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, institution · **What happens:** be, begin · **To what, where:** result, 1898

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Foundation of the Observatory. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, institution), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:29:2
# text = The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, now in operation for five years from July 1, 1912, under the direction of the Department of Geology of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the result and culmination of a succession of investigations, constructions, appointments, and expeditions, mostly under that institution, which began in 1898 with the building of a small geodetic observatory in Boston.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Hawaiian	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	Volcano	Volcano	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	Observatory	Observatory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	July	July	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod:unmarked	_	_
14	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	1912	1912	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	under	under	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Department	Department	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Geology	Geology	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	Massachusetts	Massachusetts	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	Institute	Institute	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Technology	Technology	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
33	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	cop	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	culmination	culmination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	succession	succession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	investigations	investigation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
44	constructions	construction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
46	appointments	appointment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	expeditions	expedition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
51	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	54	advmod	_	_
52	under	under	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	54	det	_	_
54	institution	institution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
56	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	57	nsubj	_	_
57	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	54	acl:relcl	_	_
58	in	in	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
59	1898	1898	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	57	obl	_	_
60	with	with	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
61	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
62	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obl	_	_
63	of	of	ADP	IN	_	67	case	_	_
64	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	67	det	_	_
65	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	67	amod	_	_
66	geodetic	geodetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	67	amod	_	_
67	observatory	observatory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	nmod	_	_
68	in	in	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
69	Boston	Boston	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	67	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	35	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory | the result and culmination of a succession of investigations and constructions and appointments and expeditions and that institution |  |  |  | culmination of a succession of investigations and constructions and appointments *conj*; expeditions *conj*; that institution *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **begin** | past | that institution |  |  | 1898 |  | with the building of a small geodetic observatory in Boston | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with building=Subeventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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