---
title: Both of these expeditions were at private expense. — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Both of these expeditions were at private expense. Who acts: Both. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Foundation of the Observatory, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Foundation of the Observatory, sentence 58

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Both of these expeditions were at private expense.

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**Who acts:** Both · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** private expense

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Foundation of the Observatory. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Both), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:29:58
# text = Both of these expeditions were at private expense.
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	expeditions	expedition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	expense	expense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Both of this expeditions |  |  | private expense |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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