---
title: Recent disasters such as Messina and San Francisco have shown how de… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Recent disasters such as Messina and San Francisco have shown how defective, for humane and practical purposes, our knowledge of these processes is. Who acts: Recent disasters. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Foundation of the Observatory, with its depe
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Foundation of the Observatory, sentence 6

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Recent disasters such as Messina and San Francisco have shown how defective, for humane and practical purposes, our knowledge of these processes is.

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**Who acts:** Recent disasters · **What happens:** be

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Foundation of the Observatory. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Recent disasters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:29:6
# text = Recent disasters such as Messina and San Francisco have shown how defective, for humane and practical purposes, our knowledge of these processes is.
1	Recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	disasters	disaster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
3	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	5	case	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	Messina	Messina	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	San	San	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	Francisco	Francisco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
12	defective	defective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	humane	humane	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	practical	practical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
18	purposes	purpose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	24	det	_	_
24	processes	process	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Recent disasters such Messina and San |  |  |  |  | for humane purposes and our knowledge of this processes; defective, show *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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