---
title: It has names for every species of plant on the mountains or fish in… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: It has names for every species of plant on the mountains or fish in the sea, and is peculiarly copious in terms relating to the ocean, the surf and waves. Who acts: Hawaiian, terms. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Polynesian Language, with its dependenc
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Polynesian Language, sentence 13

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It has names for every species of plant on the mountains or fish in the sea, and is peculiarly copious in terms relating to the ocean, the surf and waves.

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**Who acts:** Hawaiian, terms · **What happens:** have, be, relate · **To what, where:** names, terms

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Polynesian Language. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hawaiian, terms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:31:13
# text = It has names for every species of plant on the mountains or fish in the sea, and is peculiarly copious in terms relating to the ocean, the surf and waves.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	peculiarly	peculiarly	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	copious	copious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	terms	term	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
24	relating	relate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	acl	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	surf	surf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Hawaiian | names |  |  |  | for every species of plant on the mountains or fish in the sea | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | Hawaiian *not said here* |  |  | terms and the surf and waves |  | copious, peculiarly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **relate** | gerund | terms and the surf and waves *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the ocean | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to ocean=Co-Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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