---
title: Again, the Polynesian language is but one member of that wide-spread… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Again, the Polynesian language is but one member of that wide-spread family of languages, known as the Malayo-Polynesian or Oceanic family, which extends from Madagascar to the Hawaiian Islands and from New Zealand to Formosa. Who acts: Polynesian language, Malayo Polynesian. A sentence of «Hawaiian
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Polynesian Language, sentence 23

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Again, the Polynesian language is but one member of that wide-spread family of languages, known as the Malayo-Polynesian or Oceanic family, which extends from Madagascar to the Hawaiian Islands and from New Zealand to Formosa.

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**Who acts:** Polynesian language, Malayo Polynesian · **What happens:** be, spread, know, extend · **To what, where:** one member, Hawaiian Islands, Madagascar

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Polynesian Language. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polynesian language, Malayo Polynesian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:31:23
# text = Again, the Polynesian language is but one member of that wide-spread family of languages, known as the Malayo-Polynesian or Oceanic family, which extends from Madagascar to the Hawaiian Islands and from New Zealand to Formosa.
1	Again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Polynesian	polynesian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	nsubj	_	_
12	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	parataxis	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	Malayo	Malayo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	Polynesian	Polynesian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	Oceanic	Oceanic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
27	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
30	extends	extend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
31	from	from	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Madagascar	Madagascar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	Hawaiian	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	Islands	Island	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	from	from	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	flat	_	_
40	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	Formosa	Formosa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Polynesian language | one member |  |  | again | of wide spread family  that of languages | tree rules |
| 2 | **spread** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | as the Malayo Polynesian or Oceanic family | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as polynesian=Attribute |
| 4 | **extend** | present | the Malayo Polynesian or Oceanic family |  | the Hawaiian Islands to Formosa and New Zealand | Madagascar |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to island=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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