---
title: “It possesses,” he says, “all the forms collectively of which partic… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: “It possesses,” he says, “all the forms collectively of which particular ones are found singly in other dialects; and it has preserved them all with very trifling exceptions unbroken and in entire harmony and symmetry.” Who acts: Tagala, Baron. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Polynesian Language, sentence 29

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“It possesses,” he says, “all the forms collectively of which particular ones are found singly in other dialects; and it has preserved them all with very trifling exceptions unbroken and in entire harmony and symmetry.”

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**Who acts:** Tagala, Baron · **What happens:** possess, say, find, preserve, trifle · **To what, where:** forms, other dialects, Tagala, exceptions · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Polynesian Language. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tagala, Baron), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:31:29
# text = “It possesses,” he says, “all the forms collectively of which particular ones are found singly in other dialects; and it has preserved them all with very trifling exceptions unbroken and in entire harmony and symmetry.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	12	det:predet	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	collectively	collectively	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADV	12	advmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	17	det	_	_
16	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	ccomp	_	_
20	singly	singly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	dialects	dialect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	ccomp	_	_
29	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	29	nmod:unmarked	_	_
31	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
32	very	very	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	trifling	trifle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	28	advcl	_	_
34	exceptions	exception	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obj	_	_
35	unbroken	unbroken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	xcomp	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	entire	entire	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	harmony	harmony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	symmetry	symmetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	35	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **possess** *in a quote* | present | Tagala |  |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Baron |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **find** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | all forms |  | other dialects |  | which particular ones *nsubj:pass*; singly *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 4 | **preserve** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | Tagala |  |  |  | forms *= form* *obj* | tree rules |
| 5 | **trifle** *in a quote* | gerund |  | exceptions |  |  |  | unbroken *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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