---
title: The above was written by W. D. Alexander in Honolulu in 1865, author… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The above was written by W. D. Alexander in Honolulu in 1865, author of the “History of the Hawaiian Islands” as preface to Andrew’s Dictionary. Who acts: W.. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Polynesian Language, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Polynesian Language, sentence 36

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The above was written by W. D. Alexander in Honolulu in 1865, author of the “History of the Hawaiian Islands” as preface to Andrew’s Dictionary.

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**Who acts:** W. · **What happens:** write · **To what, where:** above, 1865

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Polynesian Language. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (W.), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:31:36
# text = The above was written by W. D. Alexander in Honolulu in 1865, author of the “History of the Hawaiian Islands” as preface to Andrew’s Dictionary.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	above	above	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	W.	W.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	D.	D.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
8	Alexander	Alexander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Honolulu	Honolulu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	1865	1865	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	History	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Hawaiian	Hawaiian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Islands	Island	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	preface	preface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	Andrew	Andrew	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’s	's	PART	POS	_	27	case	_	_
29	Dictionary	Dictionary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past · passive | W. in Honolulu | the above |  | 1865 |  | as preface to Andrew's Dictionary; author of the History of the Hawaiian Islands *parataxis* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in 1865=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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