---
title: He had seen her toiling down by the sea at Ke-ahi-a-laka. — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: He had seen her toiling down by the sea at Ke-ahi-a-laka. Who acts: laau. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Ai-laau, the Forest Eater, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Ai-laau, the Forest Eater, sentence 29

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He had seen her toiling down by the sea at Ke-ahi-a-laka.

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**Who acts:** laau · **What happens:** see, toil down · **To what, where:** Pele, laka

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Ai-laau, the Forest Eater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (laau), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:4:29
# text = He had seen her toiling down by the sea at Ke-ahi-a-laka.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	toiling	toil	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
11	Ke	Ke	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	ahi	ahi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	laka	laka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past · perfect | laau | Pele |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus |
| 2 | **toil down** | gerund | laau *not said here* |  |  | a laka  Ke  ahi |  | by the sea | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by sea=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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