---
title: Na-maka-o-ka-hai saw enduring clouds day after day rising with the c… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Na-maka-o-ka-hai saw enduring clouds day after day rising with the colors of the dark dense smoke of the underworld, and knew that her sister was still living. Who acts: Na, sister, underworld. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, How Pele Came to Hawaii, wi
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), How Pele Came to Hawaii, sentence 89

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Na-maka-o-ka-hai saw enduring clouds day after day rising with the colors of the dark dense smoke of the underworld, and knew that her sister was still living.

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**Who acts:** Na, sister, underworld · **What happens:** see, endure, rise, know, live, smoke · **To what, where:** clouds · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, How Pele Came to Hawaii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Na, sister, underworld), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:5:89
# text = Na-maka-o-ka-hai saw enduring clouds day after day rising with the colors of the dark dense smoke of the underworld, and knew that her sister was still living.
1	Na	Na	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	maka	maka	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	o	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	7	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ka	ka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	hai	Hai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
10	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	enduring	endure	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	_
12	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
14	after	after	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	conj	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	colors	color	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	underworld	underworld	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
31	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
32	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
34	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	aux	_	_
35	still	still	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	30	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Na |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **endure** | gerund | Na *not said here* | clouds |  |  | day |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cloud=Circumstance |
| 3 | **rise** | gerund | Na *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the colors of the dark dense smoke of the underworld | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **know** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **live** | past · progressive | place's sister |  |  |  | still |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **smoke** |  | the underworld |  |  |  |  |  | nom smoke «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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