---
title: Na-maka-o-ka-hai tore the body of Pele and broke her lava bones into… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Na-maka-o-ka-hai tore the body of Pele and broke her lava bones into great pieces which lie to this day along the seacoast of the district called Kahiki-nui. Who acts: body, great pieces. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, How Pele Came to Hawaii, with its
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), How Pele Came to Hawaii, sentence 93

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Na-maka-o-ka-hai tore the body of Pele and broke her lava bones into great pieces which lie to this day along the seacoast of the district called Kahiki-nui.

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**Who acts:** body, great pieces · **What happens:** break, lie, call · **To what, where:** lava bones, great pieces, seacoast, district · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, How Pele Came to Hawaii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (body, great pieces), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:5:93
# text = Na-maka-o-ka-hai tore the body of Pele and broke her lava bones into great pieces which lie to this day along the seacoast of the district called Kahiki-nui.
1	Na	Na	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	maka	maka	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	o	of	ADP	IN	Abbr=Yes	10	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	ka	ka	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	hai	hai	X	FW	_	10	compound	_	_
10	tore	tore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Pele	Pele	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
17	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
27	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
28	along	along	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	seacoast	seacoast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	district	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	33	acl	_	_
35	Kahiki	Kahiki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	nui	nui	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	35	dep	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | the body of Pele | body's lava bones |  |  |  | into great pieces *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent bone=Patient into piece=Result |
| 2 | **lie** | present | great pieces |  |  | the seacoast of the district | day |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent along seacoast=Location |
| 3 | **call** | participle |  | the district *not said here* |  |  |  | Kahiki *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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