---
title: Down it forced its way, sometimes cooling in great stone masses, cru… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Down it forced its way, sometimes cooling in great stone masses, crunching and crushing against each other, sometimes a rough mass of cinders resting upon a moving bed of fire and sometimes a swiftly moving liquid stream pushing from under a cooling surface and continually pressing downward toward t
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Na Puu O Pele, sentence 12

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Down it forced its way, sometimes cooling in great stone masses, crunching and crushing against each other, sometimes a rough mass of cinders resting upon a moving bed of fire and sometimes a swiftly moving liquid stream pushing from under a cooling surface and continually pressing downward toward the sea.

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**Who acts:** lava, cooling, cinders, moving liquid stream · **What happens:** force, cool, mass, crunch, crush, rest · **To what, where:** way, great stone, rough mass, moving bed, sea

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Na Puu O Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lava, cooling, cinders, moving liquid stream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:7:12
# text = Down it forced its way, sometimes cooling in great stone masses, crunching and crushing against each other, sometimes a rough mass of cinders resting upon a moving bed of fire and sometimes a swiftly moving liquid stream pushing from under a cooling surface and continually pressing downward toward the sea.
1	Down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	forced	force	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	12	advmod	_	_
8	cooling	cool	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	csubj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	masses	mass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	crunching	crunch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	crushing	crush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
17	against	against	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	16	obl	_	_
19	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	24	advmod	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	mass	mass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	cinders	cinder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
27	resting	rest	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	acl	_	_
28	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	31	amod	_	_
31	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
35	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	40	advmod	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
37	swiftly	swiftly	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
38	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	40	amod	_	_
39	liquid	liquid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
41	pushing	push	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	40	acl	_	_
42	from	from	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
43	under	under	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	cooling	cooling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	_
46	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
48	continually	continually	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	_
49	pressing	press	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	41	conj	_	_
50	downward	downward	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	_
51	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **force** | past | lava | lava's way |  |  |  | down *property* | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Recipient |
| 2 | **cool** | gerund |  |  |  | great stone |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **mass** | present | cooling |  |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **crunch** | gerund | cooling *not said here* | a rough mass of cinders and a moving liquid stream |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **crush** | gerund | cooling *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against each | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **rest** | gerund | cinders *not said here* |  |  | a moving bed of fire |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon bed=Location |
| 7 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | swiftly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **push** | gerund | a moving liquid stream *not said here* |  |  |  |  | from a cooling surface | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from surface=Co-Patient |
| 10 | **press** | gerund | a moving liquid stream *not said here* |  |  | the sea |  | continually, downward *property* | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent toward sea=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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