---
title: The sugar-cane and taro beds were bordered by flowers and shaded by… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The sugar-cane and taro beds were bordered by flowers and shaded by long-branching trees. Who acts: flowers. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Na Puu O Pele, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Na Puu O Pele, sentence 29

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The sugar-cane and taro beds were bordered by flowers and shaded by long-branching trees.

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**Who acts:** flowers · **What happens:** border, shade · **To what, where:** sugar cane

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Na Puu O Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flowers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:7:29
# text = The sugar-cane and taro beds were bordered by flowers and shaded by long-branching trees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	cane	cane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	taro	taro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	beds	bed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	bordered	border	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	shaded	shade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	branching	branching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **border** | past · passive | flowers | the sugar cane and taro beds |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **shade** | participle | flowers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | branching trees *obl:agent* | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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