---
title: These cones rise sometimes ten to fifteen feet above the lava floor. — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: These cones rise sometimes ten to fifteen feet above the lava floor. Who acts: cones. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, sentence 32

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These cones rise sometimes ten to fifteen feet above the lava floor.

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**Who acts:** cones · **What happens:** rise · **To what, where:** ten feet, lava floor

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:8:32
# text = These cones rise sometimes ten to fifteen feet above the lava floor.
1	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	cones	cone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rise	rise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	8	advmod	_	_
5	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fifteen	fifteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
8	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	above	above	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | present | this cones | ten feet |  | the lava floor |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above floor=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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