---
title: Papa-lau-ahi (The-fire-leaf-smothered-out) was a chief who at one ti… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Papa-lau-ahi (The-fire-leaf-smothered-out) was a chief who at one time ruled the district of Puna. Who acts: leaf, Papa lau ahi, chief. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, sentence 37

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Papa-lau-ahi (The-fire-leaf-smothered-out) was a chief who at one time ruled the district of Puna.

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**Who acts:** leaf, Papa lau ahi, chief · **What happens:** smother, out, be, rule · **To what, where:** chief, district

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leaf, Papa lau ahi, chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:8:37
# text = Papa-lau-ahi (The-fire-leaf-smothered-out) was a chief who at one time ruled the district of Puna.
1	Papa	Papa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	lau	lau	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ahi	ahi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	smothered	smother	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	out	out	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
24	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	district	district	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Puna	Puna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smother** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **out** |  | leaf |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | past | Papa lau ahi | a chief |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **rule** | past | a chief | the district of Puna |  |  | time |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent district=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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