---
title: Borrowing a sled from one of the chiefs she prepared to race with him. — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: Borrowing a sled from one of the chiefs she prepared to race with him. Who acts: chief. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, sentence 44

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Borrowing a sled from one of the chiefs she prepared to race with him.

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**Who acts:** chief · **What happens:** borrow, prepare, race · **To what, where:** sled, chiefs

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:8:44
# text = Borrowing a sled from one of the chiefs she prepared to race with him.
1	Borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sled	sled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	prepared	prepare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	race	race	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | gerund |  | a sled |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sled=Theme |
| 2 | **prepare** | past | chief | the chiefs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent chief=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 3 | **race** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | chief *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with AHI | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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