---
title: The remnants of forests were also covered with clouds of smoke throu… — Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology) · tree and pragmatics
description: The remnants of forests were also covered with clouds of smoke through which darted the flashing flames which climbed to the tops of the tallest trees. Who acts: smoke, flashing flames. A sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, with i
---

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# Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, sentence 80

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The remnants of forests were also covered with clouds of smoke through which darted the flashing flames which climbed to the tops of the tallest trees.

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**Who acts:** smoke, flashing flames · **What happens:** cover, dart, climb, cloud · **To what, where:** remnants, flashing flames, tops, smoke

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This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smoke, flashing flames), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66516:8:80
# text = The remnants of forests were also covered with clouds of smoke through which darted the flashing flames which climbed to the tops of the tallest trees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	remnants	remnant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	darted	dart	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	flashing	flashing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	tops	top	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	tallest	tall	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	26	amod	_	_
26	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the remnants of forests |  |  |  | with clouds of smoke | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with cloud=Theme |
| 2 | **dart** | past | smoke | the flashing flames |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flame=Agent |
| 3 | **climb** | past | the flashing flames |  |  | the tops of the tallest trees |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to top=Destination |
| 4 | **cloud** |  |  | smoke |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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