---
title: The Bear had told him that in going into battle he must never start… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: The Bear had told him that in going into battle he must never start towards the east, but must attack going towards the west. Who acts: boy. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 176

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The Bear had told him that in going into battle he must never start towards the east, but must attack going towards the west.

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**Who acts:** boy · **What happens:** tell, go, not start, attack · **To what, where:** Bear, boy, battle, west · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:10:176
# text = The Bear had told him that in going into battle he must never start towards the east, but must attack going towards the west.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
7	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
15	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	attack	attack	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
22	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	xcomp	_	_
23	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · perfect · passive |  | the Bear | boy |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | boy *not said here* |  |  | battle |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into battle=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **not** **start** *not said to happen* | must | boy |  |  |  |  | towards the east | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **attack** | must |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | the west |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards west=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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