---
title: When his people looked at him, and saw that it was really the poor b… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: When his people looked at him, and saw that it was really the poor boy who had just done so brave a deed, they knew that what the chief’s son had said was true. Who acts: people, line, poor boy, son. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The 
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 181

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When his people looked at him, and saw that it was really the poor boy who had just done so brave a deed, they knew that what the chief’s son had said was true.

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**Who acts:** people, line, poor boy, son · **What happens:** look, see, be, do, know, say · **To what, where:** poor boy, deed · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, line, poor boy, son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:10:181
# text = When his people looked at him, and saw that it was really the poor boy who had just done so brave a deed, they knew that what the chief’s son had said was true.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
13	really	really	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	ccomp	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	just	just	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	acl:relcl	_	_
21	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	xcomp	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	deed	deed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
29	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	37	nsubj	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	’s	's	PART	POS	_	31	case	_	_
33	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
34	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	29	acl:relcl	_	_
36	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
37	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | boy's people |  |  |  |  | at boy | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at he=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | boy's people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is a** | past | line | the poor boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** | past · perfect | the poor boy | a deed |  |  |  | brave *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deed=Eventuality |
| 5 | **know** | past | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · perfect | the chief's son |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | what *nsubj*; true *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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