---
title: Old men were calling his name, young women were singing about him, a… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Old men were calling his name, young women were singing about him, and old women dancing before him. Who acts: Old men, young women, old women, man. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, with its dependency tree a
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 186

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Old men were calling his name, young women were singing about him, and old women dancing before him.

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**Who acts:** Old men, young women, old women, man · **What happens:** call, sing, dance, name · **To what, where:** name · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old men, young women, old women, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:10:186
# text = Old men were calling his name, young women were singing about him, and old women dancing before him.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
12	about	about	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	parataxis	_	_
18	dancing	dance	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
19	before	before	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | past · progressive | Old men | man's name |  |  |  | old women *parataxis* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past · progressive | young women |  |  |  |  | about man | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about he=Location |
| 3 | **dance** | gerund | old women *not said here* |  |  |  | before man |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before he=Location |
| 4 | **name** |  | man |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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