---
title: Late in the afternoon, just as the sun was going down, he saw, far u… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Late in the afternoon, just as the sun was going down, he saw, far up the river, what looked like a flock of geese coming. Who acts: sun, river, geese. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, with its dependency tre
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 234

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Late in the afternoon, just as the sun was going down, he saw, far up the river, what looked like a flock of geese coming.

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**Who acts:** sun, river, geese · **What happens:** go down, see, look, come · **To what, where:** river

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sun, river, geese), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:10:234
# text = Late in the afternoon, just as the sun was going down, he saw, far up the river, what looked like a flock of geese coming.
1	Late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
12	down	down	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	20	advmod	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	23	nsubj	_	_
23	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	acl:relcl	_	_
24	like	like	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	geese	goose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
29	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	28	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go down** | past · progressive | the sun |  |  |  |  | down, late *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **see** | past | sun | the river |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer river=Stimulus |
| 3 | **look** | past | the river |  |  |  |  | like a flock of geese | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **come** | gerund | geese *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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