---
title: All at once the boy heard outside the cave the noise of a bear snort… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: All at once the boy heard outside the cave the noise of a bear snorting and grunting. Who acts: bear snorting. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 37

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All at once the boy heard outside the cave the noise of a bear snorting and grunting.

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**Who acts:** bear snorting · **What happens:** hear, noise · **To what, where:** boy

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bear snorting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:10:37
# text = All at once the boy heard outside the cave the noise of a bear snorting and grunting.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	nsubj	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	once	once	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	snorting	snorting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	grunting	grunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | participle |  | the boy *not said here* |  |  |  | outside the cave and the noise of a bear snorting and grunting | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **noise** |  | a bear snorting and grunting |  |  |  |  |  | nom noise «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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