---
title: They were like brothers; they used to hunt together and go courting… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: They were like brothers; they used to hunt together and go courting together, and when they were travelling, the poor boy often rode one of the ponies of the chief’s son, and the latter used to go to the poor boy’s lodge and sleep there with him. Who acts: people, poor boy, latter. A sentence of «Th
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 6

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were like brothers; they used to hunt together and go courting together, and when they were travelling, the poor boy often rode one of the ponies of the chief’s son, and the latter used to go to the poor boy’s lodge and sleep there with him.

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**Who acts:** people, poor boy, latter · **What happens:** be, use, hunt, go, court, travel · **To what, where:** brothers, one, lodge

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, poor boy, latter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:10:6
# text = They were like brothers; they used to hunt together and go courting together, and when they were travelling, the poor boy often rode one of the ponies of the chief’s son, and the latter used to go to the poor boy’s lodge and sleep there with him.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	like	like	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	hunt	hunt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	together	together	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
13	courting	court	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	xcomp	_	_
14	together	together	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	travelling	travel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
25	often	often	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	parataxis	_	_
27	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	26	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	ponies	pony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	’s	's	PART	POS	_	33	case	_	_
35	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	nsubj	_	_
40	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
41	to	to	PART	TO	_	42	mark	_	_
42	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	xcomp	_	_
43	to	to	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	’s	's	PART	POS	_	46	case	_	_
48	lodge	lodge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	sleep	sleep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	conj	_	_
51	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	50	advmod	_	_
52	with	with	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
53	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | people |  |  |  |  | like brothers | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | past | people | brothers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent brother=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **hunt** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **go** | present | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **court** | gerund | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **travel** | past · progressive | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **ride** | past | the poor boy | one of the ponies of the chief's son |  |  |  | often *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 8 | **use** | past | the latter |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 9 | **go** | to-infinitive | the latter *not said here* |  |  | the poor boy's lodge |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to lodge=Initial\_Location |
| 10 | **sleep** | present | the latter *not said here* |  |  | there |  | with boy | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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