---
title: After the people had made camp at a certain place, the chiefs decide… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: After the people had made camp at a certain place, the chiefs decided to stop here for four days, because the buffalo were close by, and they could kill plenty and dry the meat here. Who acts: chiefs, buffalo, people. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George B
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 8

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After the people had made camp at a certain place, the chiefs decided to stop here for four days, because the buffalo were close by, and they could kill plenty and dry the meat here.

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**Who acts:** chiefs, buffalo, people · **What happens:** make, decide, stop, be, kill, dry · **To what, where:** camp, certain place, plenty, meat

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefs, buffalo, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:10:8
# text = After the people had made camp at a certain place, the chiefs decided to stop here for four days, because the buffalo were close by, and they could kill plenty and dry the meat here.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	decided	decide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	ccomp	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
31	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
33	plenty	plenty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obj	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	conj	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
38	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	35	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · perfect |  | camp |  | a certain place | after the people |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **decide** | past | the chiefs |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stop** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the chiefs *not said here* |  |  | here | day |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **is** | past | the buffalo |  |  |  |  | close *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **kill** | could | people | plenty |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plenty=Theme |
| 6 | **dry** | infinitive | people *not said here* | the meat |  | here |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient meat=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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