---
title: North of the camp was a hill on which grew many cedar-trees, and dur… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: North of the camp was a hill on which grew many cedar-trees, and during the day the poor boy had overheard people saying that many Indians had been killed on that hill, among those trees. Who acts: North camp, hill, people. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by Ge
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine, sentence 9

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
North of the camp was a hill on which grew many cedar-trees, and during the day the poor boy had overheard people saying that many Indians had been killed on that hill, among those trees.

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**Who acts:** North camp, hill, people · **What happens:** be, grow, overhear, say, kill · **To what, where:** hill, many cedar trees, poor boy, many Indians · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Grizzly Bear’s Medicine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (North camp, hill, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:10:9
# text = North of the camp was a hill on which grew many cedar-trees, and during the day the poor boy had overheard people saying that many Indians had been killed on that hill, among those trees.
1	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
12	cedar	cedar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
17	during	during	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	overheard	overhear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	conj	_	_
25	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
26	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	acl	_	_
27	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
28	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
31	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	ccomp	_	_
33	on	on	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	35	det	_	_
35	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	among	among	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	39	det	_	_
39	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the North camp | a hill |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | past | a hill | many cedar trees |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tree=Theme |
| 3 | **overhear** | past · perfect · passive |  | the poor boy |  |  | day | people *obj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **kill** | past · perfect · passive |  | many Indians |  | that hill |  | among that trees | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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