---
title: Their lodges were arranged in a circle, enclosing a large open space. — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Their lodges were arranged in a circle, enclosing a large open space. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Medicine Lodge, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Medicine Lodge, sentence 2

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Their lodges were arranged in a circle, enclosing a large open space.

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**What happens:** arrange, enclose · **To what, where:** lodges, circle, large open space

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Medicine Lodge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:11:2
# text = Their lodges were arranged in a circle, enclosing a large open space.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	lodges	lodge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	arranged	arrange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	enclosing	enclose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrange** | past · passive |  | Piegans's lodges |  | a circle |  |  | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in circle=Destination |
| 2 | **enclose** | gerund |  | a large open space |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme space=Co-Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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