---
title: He made a bed of stones like the one he had lain on before, and whil… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: He made a bed of stones like the one he had lain on before, and while he slept another voice said: “My son, your journey is not yet ended. Who acts: voice, your. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Medicine Lodge, with its depende
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Medicine Lodge, sentence 32

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He made a bed of stones like the one he had lain on before, and while he slept another voice said: “My son, your journey is not yet ended.

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**Who acts:** voice, your · **What happens:** make, lie, sleep, say, not end, journey · **To what, where:** bed, one, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Medicine Lodge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:11:32
# text = He made a bed of stones like the one he had lain on before, and while he slept another voice said: “My son, your journey is not yet ended.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	lain	lie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	before	before	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	slept	sleep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
20	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
21	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
24	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux:pass	_	_
31	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	33	advmod	_	_
32	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	ended	end	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | voice | a bed of stones like the one |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bed=Product |
| 2 | **lie** | past · perfect | voice | the one *not said here* |  |  |  | before *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location one=Theme |
| 3 | **sleep** | past | voice |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | another voice |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **not** **end** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | My son |  |  | yet |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality |
| 6 | **journey** *in a quote* |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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