---
title: He looked at them a long time, and, pointing to Scarface, said, “Thi… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: He looked at them a long time, and, pointing to Scarface, said, “This must be our son.” Who acts: Moon, This. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Medicine Lodge, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Medicine Lodge, sentence 74

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He looked at them a long time, and, pointing to Scarface, said, “This must be our son.”

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**Who acts:** Moon, This · **What happens:** look, point, say, be · **To what, where:** Scarface, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Medicine Lodge. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moon, This), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:11:74
# text = He looked at them a long time, and, pointing to Scarface, said, “This must be our son.”
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	pointing	point	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	ccomp	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Scarface	scarface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	22	nsubj	_	_
19	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	cop	_	_
21	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | Moon |  |  |  | time | at men *= man* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at they=Theme |
| 2 | **point** | gerund |  |  | Scarface |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to scarface=Recipient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Moon *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | must | This | our son |  |  |  | our *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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