---
title: One day, as he sat in the lodge making some arrows, the distant rumb… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: One day, as he sat in the lodge making some arrows, the distant rumbling of thunder was heard. Who acts: Maker, thunder. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 104

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One day, as he sat in the lodge making some arrows, the distant rumbling of thunder was heard.

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**Who acts:** Maker, thunder · **What happens:** sit, make, hear, rumble · **To what, where:** One day, lodge, arrows, distant rumbling

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maker, thunder), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:12:104
# text = One day, as he sat in the lodge making some arrows, the distant rumbling of thunder was heard.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lodge	lodge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	arrows	arrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	rumbling	rumbling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | Maker | One day *not said here* |  | the lodge |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent day=Theme in lodge=Location |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | Maker *not said here* | some arrows |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset arrow=Product |
| 3 | **hear** | past · passive |  | the distant rumbling of thunder |  |  | day |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **rumble** |  | thunder |  |  |  |  |  | nom rumbling «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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