---
title: Sheets of ill-smelling smoke, mingled with blue flame, rolled in wav… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Sheets of ill-smelling smoke, mingled with blue flame, rolled in waves from his body. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 118

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Sheets of ill-smelling smoke, mingled with blue flame, rolled in waves from his body.

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**What happens:** smell, mingle, roll · **To what, where:** Sheets

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:12:118
# text = Sheets of ill-smelling smoke, mingled with blue flame, rolled in waves from his body.
1	Sheets	sheet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	amod	_	_
6	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	mingled	mingle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	rolled	roll	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	parataxis	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl:agent	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mingle** | participle · passive |  | Sheets of ill smelling smoke |  |  |  | with blue flame | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient with flame=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **roll** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | waves from stream's body *obl:agent* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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