---
title: The buffalo are my living, and to-morrow I shall follow them, even i… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: The buffalo are my living, and to-morrow I shall follow them, even if I go alone.” Who acts: buffalo, I. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 14

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The buffalo are my living, and to-morrow I shall follow them, even if I go alone.”

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**Who acts:** buffalo, I · **What happens:** be, follow, go · **To what, where:** living, loads, morrow

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (buffalo, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:12:14
# text = The buffalo are my living, and to-morrow I shall follow them, even if I go alone.”
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	morrow	morrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	even	even	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
20	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the buffalo | my living |  |  |  | my *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 2 | **follow** | shall | I | loads *= load* |  | morrow |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent they=Theme to morrow=Trajectory |
| 3 | **go** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | I |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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