---
title: “After I have gone,” he said once, “I will try to warn you of the ap… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: “After I have gone,” he said once, “I will try to warn you of the approach of a cold storm. Who acts: Maker, cold storm. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 148

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“After I have gone,” he said once, “I will try to warn you of the approach of a cold storm.

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**Who acts:** Maker, cold storm · **What happens:** go, say, try, warn, approach · **To what, where:** you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maker, cold storm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:12:148
# text = “After I have gone,” he said once, “I will try to warn you of the approach of a cold storm.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	warn	warn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	approach	approach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** *in a quote* | present · perfect | Maker |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Maker |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **try** *in a quote* | future | Maker |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **warn** *speech: warn* *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | Maker *not said here* |  | you |  |  | of the approach of a cold storm | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP PP.topic»: agent=Agent you=Recipient of approach=Topic |
| 5 | **approach** *in a quote* |  | a cold storm |  |  |  |  |  | nom approach «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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