---
title: When you see a raven flying about in the winter, and crying its loud… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: When you see a raven flying about in the winter, and crying its loud notes, look out, for the cold storm will be near.” Who acts: you, raven, cold storm. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, with its dependency 
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 149

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When you see a raven flying about in the winter, and crying its loud notes, look out, for the cold storm will be near.”

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**Who acts:** you, raven, cold storm · **What happens:** see, fly, cry, look out, be, note · **To what, where:** raven, loud notes

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, raven, cold storm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:12:149
# text = When you see a raven flying about in the winter, and crying its loud notes, look out, for the cold storm will be near.”
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	crying	cry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
18	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
21	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
25	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	cop	_	_
27	near	near	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | you | a raven |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer raven=Stimulus |
| 2 | **fly** | gerund | a raven *not said here* |  |  |  | winter | about *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | gerund | you *not said here* | raven's loud notes |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Topic |
| 4 | **look out** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | future | the cold storm |  |  |  |  | near *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **note** |  | raven |  |  |  |  |  | nom note «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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