--- title: The people thought that he was joking; but the next morning they lea… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics description: The people thought that he was joking; but the next morning they learned that he meant what he said, for when they arose they saw that already his lodge had been taken down, and his wife and daughter were busy packing the dogs and lashing the travois on them. Who acts: people, buffalo, wife. A sente --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Punishment of the Stingy, and Othe…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/) / [Thunder Maker and Cold Maker](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/) / 15 # The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 15 The people thought that he was joking; but the next morning they learned that he meant what he said, for when they arose they saw that already his lodge had been taken down, and his wife and daughter were busy packing the dogs and lashing the travois on them. **Who acts:** people, buffalo, wife · **What happens:** think, joke, learn, mean, say, arise · **To what, where:** lodge, dogs, travois · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, buffalo, wife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66596:12:15 # text = The people thought that he was joking; but the next morning they learned that he meant what he said, for when they arose they saw that already his lodge had been taken down, and his wife and daughter were busy packing the dogs and lashing the travois on them. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 thought think VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 5 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 6 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 7 joking joke VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 9 but but CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl:unmarked _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 learned learn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 15 that that SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 16 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 meant mean VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 ccomp _ _ 18 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 20 obj _ _ 19 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 for for SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 23 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 25 advmod _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 arose arise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 ccomp _ _ 26 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ _ 28 that that SCONJ IN _ 34 mark _ _ 29 already already ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 30 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 lodge lodge NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj:pass _ _ 32 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 33 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 34 aux:pass _ _ 34 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 ccomp _ _ 35 down down ADP RP _ 34 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 38 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ _ 39 wife wife NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 daughter daughter NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 conj _ _ 42 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 43 cop _ _ 43 busy busy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 parataxis _ _ 44 packing pack VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 43 advcl _ _ 45 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 46 det _ _ 46 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 obj _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 48 lashing lash VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 44 conj _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 travois travois NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obj _ _ 51 on on ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 53 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | the people | | | | | | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **joke** *speech: other* | past · progressive | buffalo | | | | | | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **learn** | past | people | | | | morning | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **mean** | past | buffalo | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | buffalo | | | | | what *obj* | tree rules | | 6 | **arise** | past | people | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **see** | past | people | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 8 | **take down** | past · perfect · passive | | buffalo's lodge | | | | | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 9 | **is** | past | buffalo's wife and daughter | | | | | busy *property* | tree rules | | 10 | **pack** | gerund | buffalo's wife and daughter *not said here* | | the dogs | | | | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme dog=Destination | | 11 | **lash** | gerund | buffalo's wife and daughter *not said here* | the travois | | | | on wife | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent travois=Patient on they=Co-Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/14/) - next →: [sentence 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/16/) - ↑ back to [Thunder Maker and Cold Maker](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/)