---
title: After many years Plover Call died of old age, and Cold Maker mourned. — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: After many years Plover Call died of old age, and Cold Maker mourned. Who acts: Plover, Cold Maker. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 150

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After many years Plover Call died of old age, and Cold Maker mourned.

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**Who acts:** Plover, Cold Maker · **What happens:** die, mourn

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Plover, Cold Maker), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:12:150
# text = After many years Plover Call died of old age, and Cold Maker mourned.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
4	Plover	Plover	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	Call	Call	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Maker	Maker	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	mourned	mourn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | Plover |  |  |  | of old age; year |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient of age=Causer |
| 2 | **mourn** | past | Cold Maker |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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