---
title: Even to this day the raven comes to give warning of an approaching s… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics
description: Even to this day the raven comes to give warning of an approaching storm. Who acts: raven. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 156

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even to this day the raven comes to give warning of an approaching storm.

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**Who acts:** raven · **What happens:** come, give, approach, warn · **To what, where:** warning, approaching storm

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This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (raven), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg66596:12:156
# text = Even to this day the raven comes to give warning of an approaching storm.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	amod	_	_
14	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the raven |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive | the raven *not said here* | warning of a approaching storm |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warning=Theme |
| 3 | **approach** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **warn** |  |  | a approaching storm |  |  |  |  | nom warning «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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