--- title: They shrank from taking down their lodges and travelling over the pr… — The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian S… · tree and pragmatics description: They shrank from taking down their lodges and travelling over the prairie to fresh hunting-grounds, for their dogs could not pack everything, and they themselves were forced to carry heavy loads on their backs. Who acts: people, dogs. A sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Sto --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [The Punishment of the Stingy, and Othe…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/) / [Thunder Maker and Cold Maker](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/) / 2 # The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker, sentence 2 They shrank from taking down their lodges and travelling over the prairie to fresh hunting-grounds, for their dogs could not pack everything, and they themselves were forced to carry heavy loads on their backs. **Who acts:** people, dogs · **What happens:** shrink, take down, travel, not pack, force, carry · **To what, where:** lodges, prairie, everything, people, heavy loads, backs This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Thunder Maker and Cold Maker. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg66596:12:2 # text = They shrank from taking down their lodges and travelling over the prairie to fresh hunting-grounds, for their dogs could not pack everything, and they themselves were forced to carry heavy loads on their backs. 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 shrank shrink VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 from from SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 4 taking take VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 5 down down ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 lodges lodge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 travelling travel VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ _ 10 over over ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 prairie prairie NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 to to ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 14 fresh fresh ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 15 hunting hunting NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 16 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 15 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 17 grounds grounds NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 19 for for SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 20 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 22 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 24 advmod _ _ 24 pack pack VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 25 everything everything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 24 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 28 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 29 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes 28 nmod:unmarked _ _ 30 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux:pass _ _ 31 forced force VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 32 to to PART TO _ 33 mark _ _ 33 carry carry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 xcomp _ _ 34 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 loads load NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 36 on on ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 backs back NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 39 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **shrink** | past | people | | | | | | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 2 | **take down** | gerund | people *not said here* | people's lodges | | | | | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lodge=Theme | | 3 | **travel** | gerund | people *not said here* | | | the prairie | | to fresh hunting grounds | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to grounds=Destination | | 4 | **not** **pack** | could | people's dogs | everything | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent everything=Theme | | 5 | **force** | past · passive | | people | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | | 6 | **carry** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | heavy loads | | people's backs | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent load=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/1/) - next →: [sentence 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/3/) - ↑ back to [Thunder Maker and Cold Maker](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/12/)